General overview of prion and prion diseases
Prions are 'self-replicating' basic proteins of small molecular weight. Prions form a new class of infectious agents responsible for a number of slow degenerative central nervous system diseases of humans and other animal species. The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of progressive neurological prion diseases, including scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. [1]
Public awareness of prion diseases have been raised after an outbreak of BSE occurred among cattle in many European countries and scientific evidence indicated the foodborne transmission of BSE to humans. [2][3]
The disease is transmitted to humans via meats contaminated with the brain or spinal cords of infected carcasses.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/prions/
General overview of prion and prion diseases
Diringer et al. (1998) inoculated outbred Syrian hamsters orally with graded doses of scrapie agent. The infectious agent was prepared from the brains of scrapied hamsters at the terminal stage of disease.[4]
Jacquemot et al. (2005) exposed C57BL/6 mice to mouse-adapted scrapie strain C506M3 via the intraperitoneal route. The inoculum was a brain homogenate at 10% (wt/vol) in 5% glucose solution from a mouse with scrapie at the terminal stage of disease.[5]
Taylor et al. (1995)injected Weanling RIII/FaDk-ro mice with pooled BSE-infected brain. They measured the titer of infectivity by bioassay in mice. The infectious agent was prepared from the brains of 861cattle with suspected BSE obtained between August and November 1990 from five veterinary centers throughout England.[6]
References
- The infectivity of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent at low doses: the importance of phospholipid, , Journal of applied microbiology, Volume 101, p.261–274, (2006)
- A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK, , The Lancet, Volume 347, p.921–925, (1996)
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and its epidemiology, , British Medical Bulletin, Volume 66, p.185–198, (2003)
- Effect of repeated oral infection of hamsters with scrapie, , Journal of General Virology, Volume 79, p.3, (1998)
- High Incidence of Scrapie Induced by Repeated Injections of Subinfectious Prion Doses, , Journal of Virology, Volume 79, p.14, (2005)
- Inactivation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent by rendering procedures, , Veterinary Record, Volume 137, p.24, (1995)
ID | # of Doses | Agent Strain | Dose Units | Host type | Μodel | Optimized parameters | Response type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
251 | 3 | scrapie strain C506M3 | LD50 i.c. | mice | exponential |
k = 2.4E-05 LD50/ID50 = 2.89E+04 |
death | Inactivation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent by rendering procedures." Veterinary Record. 137 (1995): 24. | "
k = 2.4E-05
LD50/ID50 = 2.89E+04
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Parameter histogram for exponential model (uncertainty of the parameter)
Exponential model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model