@article {chnwm93, title = {The 1990-1991 outbreak of melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia: clinical aspects}, journal = {The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health}, volume = {24}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {3}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160049}, author = {Currie, B. and Howard, D. and Nguyen, V. T. and Withnall, K. and Merianos, A.} } @article {1467, title = {About microbial risk assessment in food}, year = {2010}, author = {World Health Organization,} } @article {wm79, title = {Acute renal failure in Rocky Mountain spotted fever}, journal = {Arch. Intern. Med.}, volume = {139}, year = {1979}, pages = {443-448}, author = {Walker, D. H. and W. D. Mattern} } @article {sws87, title = {Animal models in Q fever: pathological responses of inbred mice to phase I Coxiella Burnetii}, journal = {Journal of General Microbiology}, volume = {133}, number = {3}, year = {1987}, pages = {691-700}, author = {Scott, G and Williams, J C and Stephenson, E H} } @article {sws87, title = {Animal Models in Q Fever: Pathological Responses of Inbred Mice to Phase I Coxiella burnetii}, journal = {Journal of General Microbiology}, volume = {133}, year = {1987}, pages = {3}, author = {Scott, G. H. and Williams, J. C. and Stephenson, E. H.} } @article {sszhlgfjrwr02, title = {Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence}, journal = {Emerging infectious diseases}, volume = {8}, year = {2002}, pages = {10}, author = {Shepard, C. W. and Soriano-Gabarro, M. and Zell, E. R. and Hayslett, J. and Lukacs, S. and Goldstein, S. and Factor, S. and Jones, J. and Ridzon, R. and Williams, I. and Rosenstein, N.} } @article {hw95, title = {Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of multidrug-resistant Salmonella anatum isolated from horses}, journal = {Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation}, volume = {7}, year = {1995}, pages = {159-162}, author = {Hartmann, F A and West, S E} } @article {1868, title = {Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: a cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {87}, year = {2015}, pages = {59{\textendash}68}, author = {Lamparelli, Claudia Cond{\'e} and Pogreba-Brown, Kristen and Verhougstraete, Marc and Sato, Maria In{\^e}s Zanoli and de Castro Bruni, Antonio and Wade, Timothy J and Eisenberg, Joseph NS} } @article {1437, title = {Assessing Measles Transmission in the United States Following a Large Outbreak in California}, journal = {PLoS Current Outbreaks}, year = {2015}, author = {Lee Worden and Seth Blumberg and Wayne Enanoria and Sarah Ackley} } @article {1780, title = {Assessment of a dye permeability assay for determination of inactivation rates of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts}, year = {1997}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9327547}, author = {MB Jenkins and L Anguish and D Bowman and M Walker and W Ghiorse} } @article {tbsotrwcwgbmab10, title = {Assessment of the Duration of Protection in Campylobacter jejuni Experimental Infection in Humans}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {78}, year = {2010}, pages = {4}, author = {Tribble, D R and Baqar, S and Scott, D A and Oplinger, M L and Trespalacios, F and Rollins, D and Walker, R I and Clements, J D and Walz, S and Gibbs, P and Burg, E F and Moran, A P and Applebee, L and Bourgeois, A L} } @article {1491, title = {Assessment of waterborne protozoan passage through conventional drinking water treatment process in Venezuela}, journal = {Journal of Water and Health}, volume = {10}, year = {2012}, chapter = {pp. 324-336}, author = {Betancourt WQ and Mena KD} } @article {wc82, title = {Biological and immunological properties of Coxiella burnetii vaccines in C57BL/1OScN endotoxin-nonresponder mice}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, pages = {1091-1102}, author = {Williams, J C and Cantrell, J L} } @article {wc82, title = {Biological and immunological properties of Coxiella burnetii vaccines in C57BL/10ScN endotoxin-nonresponder mice}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {35}, year = {1982}, pages = {3}, author = {Williams, J. C. and Cantrell, J. L.} } @article {1219, title = {Campylobacter enteritis associated with contaminated water.}, journal = {Annals of Internal Medicine}, volume = {96}, year = {1982}, pages = {292{\textendash}296}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-3-292}, url = {https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-96-3-292?url_ver=Z39.88-2003\&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org\&rfr_dat=cr_pub\%20\%200pubmed}, author = {Vogt, RL and Sours, HE and Barrett, T and Feldman, RA and Dickinson, RJ and Witherell, L} } @article {pbkwsms05, title = {Cell-Mediated Protection against Pulmonary Yersinia pestis Infection}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {73}, year = {2005}, pages = {11}, doi = {10.1128/IAI.73.11.7304-7310.2005}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1273885/}, author = {Parent, M A and Berggren, K N and Kummer, L W and Wilhelm, L B and Szaba, F M and Mullarky, I K and Smiley, S T} } @article {jjzwzz11, title = {Characterization of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in China between 2008 and 2009}, journal = {Biomed Environ Sci}, volume = {24}, year = {2011}, pages = {3}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL\&_cid=277239\&_user=1111158\&_pii=S0895398811600421\&_check=y\&_origin=\&_coverDate=30-Jun-2011\&view=c\&wchp=dGLbVlk-zSkWb\&md5=c0d0f376dab5e00dce8a06a69518b769/1-s2.0-S0895398811600421-main}, author = {Zhang Jing and Sun JunLing and Chang ZhaoRui and Zhang WeiDong and Wang ZiJun and Feng ZiJian} } @article {sssarwh, title = {Comparison of Imipenem and Ceftazidime as Therapy for Severe Melioidosis}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases}, volume = {29}, year = {1999}, pages = {2}, doi = {10.1086/520219}, url = {http://cid.oxfordjournals.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/content/29/2/381.full.pdf+html}, author = {Simpson, A. J. H. and Suputtamongkol, Y. and Smith, M. D. and Angus, B. J. and Rajanuwong, A. and Wuthiekanun, V. and Howe, P. A. and others} } @article {1224, title = {Compliance with advice to boil drinking water during an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. Outbreak Investigation Team.}, journal = {Communicable Disease and Public Health}, volume = {3}, year = {2000}, pages = {137{\textendash}138}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10902259/ }, author = {Willocks, LJ and Sufi, F and Wall, R and Seng, C and Swan, AV} } @article {1777, title = {Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance {\textendash} United States, 2009-2010}, year = {2012}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6105a1.htm}, author = {JS Yoder and RM Wallace and SA Collier and MJ Beach and MC Hlavsa} } @article {colwatt06, title = {Cryptosporidium Hominis: Experimental Challenge of Healthy Adults}, journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, volume = {75}, year = {2006}, pages = {5}, url = {http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.851}, author = {Chappell, C L and Okhuysen, P C and Langer-Curry, R and Widmer, G and Akiyoshi, D E and Tanriverdi, S and Tzipori, S} } @article {1799, title = {{A} {data} {simulation} {method} to {optimize} a {mechanistic} {dose-response} {model} for {viral} {loads} of {hepatitis} {A}}, journal = {Microbial Risk Analysis}, year = {2019}, pages = {100102}, abstract = {

Driven by the quantitative estimate of risk via the dose-response models, quantitative microbial risk assessment has been used successfully for public health interventions. The dose-response models are derived starting from an average exposed dose of infectious particles, this dictates the dose data units required. Then dose-response data from animal model experiments are used to optimize these mechanistic dose-response models. For hepatitis A (Hep-A), the only available dose-response data use grams of feces for dose units. Therefore, to develop a dose-response model for Hep-A a method of converting these doses in grams of feces into infectious particles, while accounting for the uncertainty of this conversion is needed. This research develops a method to couple data simulation with the likelihood estimation method for model optimization to accomplish this. This adapted method uses data simulation to model the doses as viruses while accounting for the within-group variability of this simulation. Then these simulated doses, coupled with the original dose-response data, are used to optimize the mechanistic dose-response models. This method results in a more computationally rigorous means of modeling these types of dose-response data. The resulting dose-response model for Hep-A is also more appropriate to use than the current option for Hep-A risk models.

}, keywords = {Data simulation, Dose-response, Hepatitis A, QMRA}, issn = {2352-3522}, doi = {10.1016/j.mran.2019.100102}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352219300222}, author = {Weir, Mark H.} } @article {hwmsdb, title = {De la Macorra F and Corozza FA (1966) Study of induced typhoid fever in man. I. Evaluation of vaccine effectiveness}, journal = {Transactions of the Association of American Physicians}, volume = {79}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {361}, author = {Hornick, R B and Woodward, T E and McCrumb, F R and Snyder, M J and Dawkins, A T and Bulkeley, J T} } @article {1721, title = { Detection and forecasting of oyster norovirus outbreaks: Recent advances and future perspectives}, year = {2012}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22841883}, author = {J Wang and Z Deng} } @article {1332, title = {Detection of Vibrio cholera by O1 and O139 in environmental water samples by an immunofluorescent-aggregation assay}, year = {2010}, url = {10.1128/AEM.02559-09}, author = {D Wang and X Xu} } @article {1611, title = {Determining UV inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by using cell culture and a mouse bioassay}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {76}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 5140-5147}, author = {Ware, M W and Augustine, S A and Erisman, D O and See, M J and Wymer, L and Hayes, S L and Dubey, J P and Villegas, E N} } @article {1630, title = {Determining UV inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by using cell culture and a mouse bioassay}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {76}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 5140-5147}, author = {Ware, M W and Augustine, S A and Erisman, D O and See, M J and Wymer, L and Hayes, S L and Dubey, J P and Villegas, E N} } @article {1271, title = {Development of a Dose-Response Model for SARS Coronavirus}, journal = {Risk Analysis: An International Journal}, volume = {30}, year = {2010}, month = {07/2010}, pages = {1129{\textendash}1138}, abstract = {

In order to develop a dose-response model for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the pooled data sets for infection of transgenic mice susceptible to SARS-CoV and infection of mice with murine hepatitis virus strain 1, which may be a clinically relevant model of SARS, were fit to beta-Poisson and exponential models with the maximum likelihood method. The exponential model (k= 4.1 {\texttimes} l02) could describe the dose-response relationship of the pooled data sets. The beta-Poisson model did not provide a statistically significant improvement in fit. With the exponential model, the infectivity of SARS-CoV was calculated and compared with those of other coronaviruses. The does of SARS-CoV corresponding to 10\% and 50\% responses (illness) were estimated at 43 and 280 PFU, respectively. Its estimated infectivity was comparable to that of HCoV-229E, known as an agent of human common cold, and also similar to those of some animal coronaviruses belonging to the same genetic group. Moreover, the exponential model was applied to the analysis of the epidemiological data of SARS outbreak that occurred at an apartment complex in Hong Kong in 2003. The estimated dose of SARS-CoV for apartment residents during the outbreak, which was back-calculated from the reported number of cases, ranged from 16 to 160 PFU/person, depending on the floor. The exponential model developed here is the sole dose-response model for SARS-CoV at the present and would enable us to understand the possibility for reemergence of SARS.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01427}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01427.x}, author = {Watanabe, T. and Bartrand, T. A. and Weir, M. H. and Omura, T. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {1949, title = {Development of a dose{\textendash}response model for Naegleria fowleri}, journal = {Journal of Water and Health}, volume = {17}, year = {2018}, month = {10}, pages = {63-71}, abstract = {

{This study develops novel dose{\textendash}response models for Naegleria fowleri from selected peer-reviewed experiments on the virulence based on the intranasal exposure pathway. One data set measured the response of mice intranasally inoculated with the amebae and the other study addressed the response of mice swimming in N. fowleri infected water. The measured response for both studies was death. All experimental data were best fit by the beta-Poisson dose{\textendash}response model. The three swimming experiments could be pooled, and this is the final recommended model with an LD50 of 13,257 amebae. The results of this study provide a better estimate of the probability of the risk to N. fowleri exposure than the previous models developed based on an intravenous exposure. An accurate dose{\textendash}response model is the first step in quantifying the risk of free-living amebae like N. fowleri, which pose risks in recreational environments and have been detected in drinking water and premise plumbing systems. A better understanding of this risk will allow for risk management that limits the ability for pathogen growth, proliferation, and exposure.}

}, issn = {1477-8920}, doi = {10.2166/wh.2018.181}, url = {https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.181}, author = {Dean, Kara and Weir, Mark H. and Mitchell, Jade} } @article {weir2017development, title = {Development of a microbial dose response visualization and modelling application for QMRA modelers and educators}, journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software}, volume = {88}, year = {2017}, pages = {74{\textendash}83}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Weir, Mark H and Mitchell, Jade and Flynn, William and Pope, Joanna M} } @book {wmfp, title = {Development of a Microbial Dose Response Visualization and Modelling Application for QMRA Modelers and Educators}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, organization = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, author = {Weir, M. H. and Mitchell, J. and Flynn, W. B. and Pope, J. M.} } @mastersthesis {w09, title = {Development of a Physiologically Based Pathogen Transport and Kinetics Model for the Inhalation of {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Bacillus anthracis{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Spores}, year = {2009}, school = {Drexel University}, address = {Philadelphia PA}, url = {http://wiki.camra.msu.edu/images/b/bf/WeirM_2009_Dissertation.pdf}, author = {Weir, M H} } @article {weir2009development, title = {Development of physiologically based pathogen transport and kinetics model for inhalation of Bacillus anthracis spores}, year = {2009}, author = {Weir, Mark H} } @article {1514, title = {Developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii: Structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations}, journal = {Journal of Bacteriology}, volume = {147}, year = {1981}, chapter = {pp. 1063-1076}, author = {McCaul, T F and Williams, J C} } @article {lcwchs77, title = {Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli that produce only heat-stable enterotoxin}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {17}, year = {1977}, pages = {1}, author = {Levine, M M and Caplan, E S and Waterman, D and Cash, R A and Hornick, R B and Snyder, M J} } @article {1740, title = {Discharge-based QMRA for estimation of public health risks from exposure to stormwater-borne pathogens in recreational waters in the United States}, year = {2013}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863377}, author = {GB McBride and R Stott and W Miller and D Bambic and S Wuertz} } @article {1887, title = {Do US Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Environmental health perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, pages = {1102{\textendash}1109}, author = {Wade, Timothy J and Pai, Nitika and Eisenberg, Joseph NS and Colford Jr, John M} } @article {1560, title = {Do US EPA water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 1102-1109}, author = {Wade, T J and Pai, N and Eisenberg, J N S and Colford, J M} } @article {powell_dose-response_nodate, title = {Dose-{Response} {Envelope} for {Escherichia} coli}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {24}, abstract = {Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging food and waterborne pathogen in the U.S. and internationally. The objective of this work was to develop a dose-response model for illness by this organism that bounds the uncertainty in the dose-response relationship. No human clinical trial data are available for E. coli O157:H7, but such data are available for two surrogate pathogens: enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shigella dysenteriae. E. coli O157:H7 outbreak data provide an initial estimate of the most likely value of the dose-response relationship within the bounds of an envelope de{\textregistered}ned by beta-Poisson dose-response models {\textregistered}t to the EPEC and S. dysenteriae data. The most likely value of the median effective dose for E. coli O157:H7 is estimated to be approximately 190 000 colony forming units (cfu). At a dose level of 100 cfu, the median response predicted by the model is six percent.}, author = {Powell, Mark R and Ebel, Eric and Schlosser, Wayne and Walderhaug, Mark and Kause, Janell} } @article {1262, title = {Dose response models and a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework for the Mycobacterium avium complex that account for recent developments in molecular biology, taxonomy, and epidemiology}, journal = {Water Research}, volume = {109}, year = {2016}, month = {11}, author = {Hamilton, Kerry and Weir, Mark and Haas, Charles} } @article {1269, title = {Dose-Response Assessment for Influenza A Virus Based on Data Sets of Infection with its Live Attenuated Reassortants}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {32}, year = {2012}, pages = {555{\textendash}565}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01680.x}, author = {Watanabe, T. and Bartrand, T. A. and Omura, T. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {p00, title = {Dose-response envelope for Escherichia coli O157:H7}, journal = {Quantitative Microbiology}, volume = {2}, year = {2000}, pages = {141-163}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k3t3768n75w16246/fulltext.pdf}, author = {Powell, M R and Eric Ebel and Wayne Schlosser and Mark Walderhaug and Janell Kause} } @article {stawmrmd08, title = {Dose-Response Model for Listeria monocytogenes-Induced Stillbirths in Nonhuman Primates}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {76}, year = {2008}, pages = {2}, author = {Smith, M A and Takeuchi, K and Anderson, G and Ware, G O and McClure, H M and Raybourne, R B and Mytle, N and Doyle, M P} } @article {w16, title = {Dose-Response Modeling and Use: Challenges and Uncertainties in Environmental Exposure}, journal = {In Manual of Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {3}, year = {2016}, pages = {5}, url = {http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555818821}, author = {Weir, M. H.} } @article {bwh08, title = {Dose-Response Models for Inhalation of Bacillus anthracis Spores: Interspecies Comparisons}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {28}, year = {2008}, pages = {4}, author = {Bartrand, T. A. and Weir, M. H. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {wicm, title = {Dose-Response of Listeria monocytogenes after Oral Exposure in Pregnant Guinea Pigs}, journal = {Journal of Food Protection}, volume = {70}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {5}, author = {Williams, D and Irvin, E A and Chmielewski, R A and Frank J F (May)} } @article {1268, title = {Dose{\textendash}response time modelling for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection}, journal = {Letters in applied microbiology}, volume = {53}, year = {2011}, pages = {438{\textendash}444}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03128.x}, author = {Kitajima, M. and Huang, Y. and Watanabe, T. and Katayama, H. and Haas, C. N.} } @inbook {b88, title = {Ecological and epidemiological considerations of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and scrub typhus, p. 33-50}, booktitle = {Biology of rickettsial diseases}, year = {1988}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton, Fla}, author = {Burgdorfer, W.}, editor = {D. H. Walker} } @article {chen2008efficacy, title = {Efficacy of point-of-entry copper{\textendash}silver ionisation system in eradicating Legionella pneumophila in a tropical tertiary care hospital: implications for hospitals contaminated with Legionella in both hot and cold water}, journal = {Journal of Hospital Infection}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, year = {2008}, pages = {152{\textendash}158}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Chen, Yu Sen and Lin, YE and Liu, Y-C and Huang, Wen Kuei and Shih, HY and Wann, Shue Ren and Lee, SS and Tsai, Hung Chin and Li, CH and Chao, HL and others} } @article {1925, title = {Elizabethkingia miricola infection in Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa)}, journal = {Transboundary and Emerging Diseases}, volume = {66}, year = {2019}, pages = {1049-1053}, abstract = {

Abstract Elizabethkingia miricola is a Gram-negative rod which has been incriminated in severe infections in humans. Recently, a serious infectious disease was identified in Chinese spiny frogs (Quasipaa spinosa), in the Sichuan Province of China; the disease was characterized by corneal opacity, the presence of ascites and neurological symptoms. A Gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the liver, spleen and kidney of the diseased frogs. Experimental infection test revealed that the bacillus could infect the frogs Q.\ spinosa and the LD50 value was 1.19\ {\texttimes}\ 106\ cfu per frog. The isolated Gram-negative bacillus was identified as E.\ miricola according to phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. The isolated strain was only susceptible to florfenicol among all investigated chemotherapeutic agents. Histological examination revealed that E.\ miricola infection caused pathological lesions to multiple organs and tissues, especially in the liver, brain, kidney. These results confirmed that E.\ miricola is an emerging pathogen of Chinese spiny frogs.

}, keywords = {characterization, Elizabethkingia miricola, lesions, outbreak, pathological, Quasipaa spinosa}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13101}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tbed.13101}, author = {Lei, Xue Ping and Yi, Geng and Wang, Kai Yu and OuYang, Ping and Chen, De Fang and Huang, Xiao Li and Huang, Chao and Lai, Wei Min and Zhong, Zi Jun and Huo, Chang Liang and Yang, Ze Xiao} } @article {1217, title = {Enumeration of Campylobacter in New Zealand recreational and drinking waters}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, volume = {91}, year = {2001}, pages = {38{\textendash}46}, doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01337.x}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11442712/ }, author = {Savill, MG and Hudson, JA and Ball, A and Klena, JD and Scholes, P and Whyte, RJ and McCormick, RE and Jankovic, D} } @article {lbnwhys78, title = {Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive}, journal = {Lancet.}, volume = {1}, year = {1978}, pages = {8074}, author = {Levine, M M and Bergquist, E J and Nalin, D R and Waterman, D H and Hornick, R B and Young, C R and Sotman, S} } @article {1553, title = {Estimates of the severity of illnesses associated with bathing in marine waters contaminated with domestic sewage}, journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology}, volume = {27}, year = {1998}, chapter = {pp. 722-726}, author = {Fleisher, J M and Kay, D and Wyer, M D and Godfree, A F} } @article {1504, title = {Estimating child mortality due to diarrhea in developing countries}, year = {2008}, author = {World Health Organization,} } @article {1890, title = {Evaluation of public health risks at recreational beaches in Lake Michigan via detection of enteric viruses and a human-specific bacteriological marker}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {43}, year = {2009}, pages = {1137{\textendash}1149}, author = {Wong, Mark and Kumar, Lekha and Jenkins, Tracie M and Xagoraraki, Irene and Phanikumar, Mantha S and Rose, Joan B} } @article {bdww83, title = {Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection of Adult Mice}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {39}, year = {1983}, pages = {2}, author = {Blaser, M J and Duncan, D J and Warren, G H and Wang W-ll} } @article {jfw53, title = {Experiments in feeding adult volunteers with Escherichia coli 55, B5, a coliform organism associated with infant diarrhea}, journal = {American Journal of Hygiene}, volume = {57}, year = {1953}, chapter = {222-236}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119570}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13030458/}, author = {June, RC and Ferguson, WW and Worfel, MT} } @inbook {gwc78, title = {Fatal viscerotropic Rocky Mountain spotted fever: report of a case diagnosed by immunofluorescence}, year = {1978}, pages = {523-528}, address = {64}, author = {Green, W. R. and D. H. Walker and B. G. Cain}, editor = {Am. J. Med} } @article {1628, title = {Fate and transport model of Cryptosporidium}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality}, volume = {33}, year = {1999}, chapter = {pp. 984-993}, author = {Walker, F and Stedinger, J} } @article {1782, title = { Fate and transport model of Cryptosporidium}, year = {1999}, url = {https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/\%28ASCE\%290733-9372\%281999\%29125\%3A4\%28325\%29}, author = {FR Walker and JR Stedinger} } @article {1873, title = {Fecal indicators in sand, sand contact, and risk of enteric illness among beachgoers}, journal = {Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)}, volume = {23}, year = {2012}, pages = {95}, author = {Heaney, Christopher D and Sams, Elizabeth and Dufour, Alfred P and Brenner, Kristen P and Haugland, Richard A and Chern, Eunice and Wing, Steve and Marshall, Stephen and Love, David C and Serre, Marc and others} } @article {w86, title = {Gastroenterology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever}, journal = {Pract. Gastroenterol.}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {25-39}, author = {Walker, D. H.} } @inbook {rw84, title = {Gastrointestinal and pancreatic lesions and rickettsial infection in Rocky Mountain spotted fever}, booktitle = {Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.}, year = {1984}, pages = {963-967}, author = {Randall, M. R. and D. H. Walker} } @article {guidi1999germination, title = {Germination of Bacillus anthracis spores within alveolar macrophages}, journal = {Molecular microbiology}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, pages = {9{\textendash}17}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, author = {Guidi-Rontani, Chantal and Weber-Levy, Martine and Labruyere, Elisabeth and Mock, Mich{\`e}le} } @article {1823, title = {Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies.}, journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization}, volume = {77}, year = {1999}, pages = {651}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2557719/}, author = {Kotloff, Karen L and Winickoff, Jonathan P and Ivanoff, Bernard and Clemens, John D and Swerdlow, David L and Sansonetti, Philippe J and Adak, GK and Levine, MM} } @article {1416, title = {Growth and Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 During Manufacture and Storage of Indian Cheese (Paneer)}, year = {2006}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16761944}, author = {S Wahi and S Bansal} } @article {1538, title = {Guidelines for drinking water quality}, volume = {2}, year = {1996}, publisher = {World Health Organization}, chapter = {Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information}, author = {World Health Organization,} } @article {1443, title = {Guidelines for drinking-water quality}, year = {2004}, edition = {3}, author = {World Health Organization,} } @article {1505, title = {Guidelines for drinking-water quality}, year = {2011}, edition = {4}, author = {World Health Organization,} } @article {1889, title = {Guidelines for safe recreational water environments}, journal = {Coastal and Fresh Waters}, volume = {1}, year = {2003}, pages = {1{\textendash}219}, author = {WHO, WHO} } @article {kanamori2016healthcare, title = {Healthcare outbreaks associated with a water reservoir and infection prevention strategies}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases}, volume = {62}, number = {11}, year = {2016}, pages = {1423{\textendash}1435}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, author = {Kanamori, Hajime and Weber, David J and Rutala, William A} } @article {1886, title = {High sensitivity of children to swimming-associated gastrointestinal illness: results using a rapid assay of recreational water quality}, journal = {Epidemiology}, year = {2008}, pages = {375{\textendash}383}, author = {Wade, Timothy J and Calderon, Rebecca L and Brenner, Kristen P and Sams, Elizabeth and Beach, Michael and Haugland, Richard and Wymer, Larry and Dufour, Alfred P} } @article {wbysks86, title = {Human Rotavirus Studies in Volunteers: Determination of Infectious Dose and Serological Response to Infection}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {154}, year = {1986}, pages = {5}, doi = {10.1093/infdis/154.5.871}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3021869/}, author = {Ward, R L and Bernstein, D I and Young, E C and Sherwood, J R and Knowlton, D R and Schiff, G M} } @article {cwhctltdam07, title = {Immune response, ciprofloxacin activity, and gender differences after human experimental challenge by two strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli}, journal = {Infection and immunity}, volume = {75}, year = {2007}, pages = {1}, author = {Coster, T S and Wolf, M K and Hall, E R and Cassels, F J and Taylor, D N and Liu, C T and Trespalacios, F C and DeLorimier, A and Angleberger, D R and McQueen, C E} } @article {havelaar2009immunity, title = {Immunity to Campylobacter: its role in risk assessment and epidemiology}, journal = {Critical reviews in microbiology}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, pages = {1{\textendash}22}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, author = {Havelaar, Arie H and van Pelt, Wilfrid and Ang, C Wim and Wagenaar, Jaap A and van Putten, Jos PM and Gross, Uwe and Newell, Diane G} } @article {hpawpgn09, title = {Immunity to {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Campylobacter{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}: its role in risk assessment and epidemiology}, journal = {Critical Reviews in Microbiology}, year = {2009}, pages = {1-22}, url = {http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408410802636017?select23=Choose}, author = {Havelaar, A. H. and Pelt, W. and Ang, C. W. and Wagenaar, J. A. and Putten, J. P. and Gross, U. and Newell, D. G.} } @article {twa95, title = {Inactivation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent by rendering procedures}, journal = {Veterinary Record}, volume = {137}, year = {1995}, chapter = {605}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8746849/}, author = {Taylor, D M and Woodgate, S L and Atkinson, M J} } @article {wkgjb58, title = {Infectious hepatitis; studies of its natural history and prevention}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {258}, year = {1958}, pages = {9}, author = {Ward, R. and Krugman, S. and Giles, J. P. and Jacobs, A. M. and Bodansky, O.} } @article {orcgwft02, title = {Infectivity of a Cryptosporidium parvum Isolate of Cervine Origin for Healthy Adults and Interferon-{\^I}{\textthreesuperior} Knockout Mice}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {185}, year = {2002}, pages = {9}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/185/9/1320/937719}, author = {Okhuysen, P C and Rich, S M and Chappell, C L and Grimes, K A and Widmer, G and Feng, X and Tzipori, S} } @article {1834, title = {Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy adults with pre-existing anti-C. parvum serum immunoglobulin G.}, journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene}, volume = {60}, year = {1999}, pages = {157{\textendash}164}, author = {Chappell, Cynthia L and Okhuysen, Pablo C and Sterling, Charles R and Wang, Constance and Jakubowski, Walter and Dupont, Herbert L} } @article {bravata2007inhalational, title = {Inhalational, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous anthrax in children: a systematic review of cases: 1900 to 2005}, journal = {Archives of pediatrics \& adolescent medicine}, volume = {161}, number = {9}, year = {2007}, pages = {896{\textendash}905}, publisher = {American Medical Association}, author = {Bravata, Dena M and Holty, Jon-Erik C and Wang, Ewen and Lewis, Robyn and Wise, Paul H and McDonald, Kathryn M and Owens, Douglas K} } @inbook {bhwlwmo07, title = {Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children}, booktitle = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med}, year = {2007}, pages = {896-905}, publisher = {[Full Text}, organization = {[Full Text}, address = {161 (9)}, url = {http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/9/896.pdf}, author = {Bravata, D. and Holty, J. and Wang, E. and Lewis, R. and Wise, P. and Mcdonald, K. and Owen, D.} } @article {1926, title = {Isolation and Characterization of a New Phage Infecting Elizabethkingia anophelis and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Efficacy in vitro and in vivo}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Elizabethkingia spp. are a group of non-fermentative, Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and non-motile bacilli. They can cause meningitis in neonates and immunosuppressed patients, and lead to high mortality. Considering the rising trend of drug resistance among bacteria pathogens, bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, so far, no phages specific for Elizabethkingia spp. have been reported. Using a clinically isolated Elizabethkingia anophelis as the host, the phage TCUEAP1 was isolated from wastewater of Hualien Tzu Chi hospital. The phage particle of TCUEAP1 under electron microscopy was revealed to belong to the siphoviridae family, with a head size of 47 nm, and a tail dimension 12 nm in diameter and 172 nm in length. The one-step growth analysis showed that the latent period of TCUEAP1 was about 40 min with a rise period lasting about 20 min, yielding a burst size of approximately 10 PFU/cell. The adsorption rate of TCUEAP1 reached about 70\% in 20 min. Using 20 isolates of Elizabethkingia spp. to test the host range of TCUEAP1, it displayed narrow spectrum infecting three strains of E. anophelis, but forming spot lysis on 16 strains. The sequence result showed that the genome of TCUEAP1 is a double-stranded DNA of 49,816 bp, containing 73 predicted open reading frames. Further genomic analysis showed TCUEAP1 to be a new phage with no resemblance to publicly available phage genomes. Finally, in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model, at 6 h after the bacterial injection, TCUEAP1 decreased the bacterial load by fivefold in blood. Also, TCUEAP1 rescued 80\% of mice heavily infected with E. anophelis from lethal bacteremia. We hope that the isolation and characterization of TCUEAP1, the first phage infecting Elizabethkingia spp., can promote more studies of the phages targeting this newly emerging bacterial pathogen.

}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00728}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00728}, author = {Peng, Shih-Yi and Chen, Li-Kuang and Wu, Wen-Jui and Paramita, Prajna and Yang, Po-Wei and Li, Yun-Zhong and Lai, Meng-Jiun and Chang, Kai-Chih} } @article {mjdsw85, title = {Lack of correlation between known virulence properties of Aeromonas hydrophila and enteropathogenicity for humans}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {50}, year = {1985}, pages = {1}, author = {Morgan, D. R. and Johnson, P. C. and DuPont, H. L. and Satterwhite, T. K. and Wood, L. V.} } @article {1419, title = {Legionella pneumophila: Dose Response Models}, year = {2017}, url = {http://qmrawiki.canr.msu.edu/index.php/Legionella_pneumophila:_Dose_Response_Models}, author = {Mark H. Weir} } @article {1607, title = {Life cycle of toxoplasma gondii}, journal = {The British Medical Journal}, volume = {4}, year = {1969}, chapter = {pp. 806}, author = {Hutchison, W M and Dunachie, J F and Siim, J C and Work, K} } @article {aw81, title = {The liver in Rocky Mountain spotted fever}, journal = {Am. J. Clin. Pathol.}, volume = {75}, year = {1981}, pages = {156-161}, author = {Adams, J. S. and D. H. Walker} } @article {1918, title = {Lung function and inflammation during murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection}, journal = {Immunobiology}, volume = {216}, year = {2011}, pages = {901{\textendash}908}, author = {W{\"o}lbeling, Florian and Munder, Antje and Kerber-Momot, Tanja and Neumann, Detlef and Hennig, Christian and Hansen, Gesine and T{\"u}mmler, Burkhard and Baumann, Ulrich} } @article {gwe99, title = {M. Germination of {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Bacillus anthracis{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Spores Within Alveolar Macrophages}, journal = {Molecular Microbiology}, volume = {31}, year = {1999}, pages = {9-17}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966842X02024228]}, author = {Guidi-Rontani, C. and Weber-Levy, M. Labruyere and E., Mock} } @article {1874, title = {Marine swimming-related illness: implications for monitoring and environmental policy.}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {109}, year = {2001}, pages = {645{\textendash}650}, author = {Henrickson, Sarah E and Wong, Thomas and Allen, Paul and Ford, Tim and Epstein, Paul R} } @article {1440, title = {Measles Outbreak - California, December 2014-February 2015}, journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report}, volume = {64(6):153-4}, year = {2015}, author = {Jennifer Zipprich and Kathlen Winter and Jill Hacker and Dongxiang Xia and James Watt and Kathleen Harriman} } @book {1562, title = {Medical Virology}, year = {1994}, publisher = {Academic Press}, organization = {Academic Press}, edition = {4}, address = {New York, NY}, author = {White, D O and Fenner, F J} } @inbook {hw88, title = {Meningoencephalitis as a major manifestation of Rocky Mountain spotted fever}, year = {1988}, note = {South Med. J. 81}, pages = {915-918}, author = {Horney, L. F. and D. H. Walker} } @article {1733, title = {Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants}, year = {2015}, url = {https://aem.asm.org/content/81/14/4669}, author = {R Pouillot and JM Van Doren and J Woods and D Plant and M Smith and G Goblick} } @article {weir2011model, title = {A model for in-vivo delivered dose estimation for inhaled Bacillus anthracis spores in humans with interspecies extrapolation}, journal = {Environmental science \& technology}, volume = {45}, number = {13}, year = {2011}, pages = {5828{\textendash}5833}, publisher = {ACS Publications}, author = {Weir, Mark H and Haas, Charles N} } @article {wh11, title = {A Model for In-vivo Delivered Dose Estimation for Inhaled {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Bacillus anthracis{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Spores in Humans with Interspecies Extrapolations}, journal = {Environmental Science and Technology}, volume = {45}, year = {2011}, pages = {5828-5833}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es200901e]}, author = {Weir, M. H. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {kotloff_modified_1995, title = {A modified {Shigella} volunteer challenge model in which the inoculum is administered with bicarbonate buffer: clinical experience and implications for {Shigella} infectivity}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {13}, number = {16}, year = {1995}, month = {jan}, pages = {1488{\textendash}1494}, abstract = {{In the absence of a definitive immunologic correlate of protection against shigellosis, promising Shigella vaccine candidates have been selected based on their ability to confer resistance against experimental challenge with wild-type Shigella in healthy adult volunteers. A limitation of this model has been the low and often variable attack rate of illness among controls, necessitating repeated inpatient studies to demonstrate statistically significant results. In this study, the Shigella challenge model was modified by using bicarbonate buffer instead of skimmed milk as the delivery vehicle to enhance survival of the ingested challenge inoculum. To determine the ability of the modified model to detect protective efficacy, 11 veteran volunteers (previously challenged with S. flexneri 2a in bicarbonate buffer) and 12 immunologically naive control subjects were challenged with 1.4 {\texttimes} 103 c.f.u. S. flexneri 2a. Shigellosis occurred in 3 veterans and 11 control subjects (27 vs 92\%}, keywords = {bacillary dysentery, infectivity, vaccines, volunteers}, issn = {0264-410X}, doi = {10.1016/0264-410X(95)00102-7}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0264410X95001027}, author = {Kotloff, Karen L. and Nataro, James P. and Losonsky, Genevieve A. and Wasserman, Steven S. and Hale, Thomas L. and Taylor, David N. and Sadoff, Jerald C. and Levine, Myron M.} } @article {abmzhrhlsdgblwmpfl06, title = {Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 1 Produces a Clinically Relevant Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in A/J Mice}, journal = {Journal of Virology}, volume = {80}, year = {2006}, pages = {21}, doi = {10.1128/JVI.00747-06}, url = {http://jvi.asm.org/content/80/21/10382.abstract}, author = {Albuquerque, N D and Baig, E and Ma, X and Zhang, J and He, W and Rowe, A and Habal, M and Liu, M and Shalev, I and Downey, G P and Gorczynski, R and Butany, J and Leibowitz, J and Weiss, S R and McGilvray, I D and Phillips, M J and Fish, E N and Levy, G A} } @article {1280, title = {A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {347}, year = {1996}, pages = {921{\textendash}925}, author = {Will, Robert G and Ironside, JW and Zeidler, Metal and Estibeiro, K and Cousens, SN and Smith, PG and Alperovitch, A and Poser, S and Pocchiari, M and Hofman, A} } @article {1722, title = {Norovirus outbreaks linked to oyster consumption in the United Kingdom, Norway, France, Sweden and Denmark, 2010}, year = {2010}, url = {https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/ese.15.12.19524-en}, author = {T Westrell and V Dusch and S Ethelberg and J Harris} } @article {wullings2006occurrence, title = {Occurrence and genetic diversity of uncultured Legionella spp. in drinking water treated at temperatures below 15 C}, journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology}, volume = {72}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, pages = {157{\textendash}166}, publisher = {Am Soc Microbiol}, author = {Wullings, Bart A and van der Kooij, Dick} } @article {berk2006occurrence, title = {Occurrence of infected amoebae in cooling towers compared with natural aquatic environments: implications for emerging pathogens}, journal = {Environmental science \& technology}, volume = {40}, number = {23}, year = {2006}, pages = {7440{\textendash}7444}, publisher = {ACS Publications}, author = {Berk, SG and Gunderson, JH and Newsome, AL and Farone, AL and Hayes, BJ and Redding, KS and Uddin, N and Williams, EL and Johnson, RA and Farsian, M and others} } @article {1215, title = {Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992{\textendash}5}, journal = {Epidemiology \& Infection}, volume = {121}, year = {1998}, pages = {109{\textendash}119}, doi = {10.1017/s0950268898001083}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2809481/ }, author = {Furtado, C and Adak, GK and Stuart, JM and Wall, PG and Evans, HS and Casemore, DP} } @article {bw00, title = {Pathogenesis of and immunity to melioidosis}, journal = {Acta Tropica}, volume = {74}, year = {2000}, pages = {2}, author = {Brett, P. J. and Woods, D. E.} } @article {1924, title = {Pathogenic Elizabethkingia miricola infection in cultured black-spotted frogs, China, 2016}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases}, volume = {23}, year = {2017}, pages = {2055}, author = {Hu, Ruixue and Yuan, Junfa and Meng, Yin and Wang, Zhe and Gu, Zemao} } @article {1882, title = {Pathogenic fungi: an unacknowledged risk at coastal resorts? New insights on microbiological sand quality in Portugal}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {62}, year = {2011}, pages = {1506{\textendash}1511}, author = {Sabino, Raquel and Ver{\'\i}ssimo, Cristina and Cunha, Maria Ana and Wergikoski, Bela and Ferreira, Filipa C and Rodrigues, Raquel and Parada, Helena and Falc{\~a}o, Leonor and Rosado, Laura and Pinheiro, Catarina and others} } @article {1243, title = {Persistence of nucleic acid markers of health-relevant organisms in seawater microcosms: implications for their use in assessing risk in recreational waters}, journal = {Water Research}, volume = {43}, year = {2009}, pages = {4929{\textendash}4939}, author = {Walters, Sarah P and Yamahara, Kevan M and Boehm, Alexandria B} } @article {altboum2002postexposure, title = {Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: evaluation of various treatment regimens in intranasally infected guinea pigs}, journal = {Infection and immunity}, volume = {70}, number = {11}, year = {2002}, pages = {6231{\textendash}6241}, publisher = {Am Soc Microbiol}, author = {Altboum, Zeev and Gozes, Yehoshua and Barnea, Ada and Pass, Avi and White, Moshe and Kobiler, David} } @article {agbpwk02, title = {Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: Evaluation of various treatment regimes in intranasally infected guinea pigs}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, pages = {6231-6241}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130326/}, author = {Altboum, Z. and Gozes, Y. and Barnea, A. and Pass, A. and White, M. and Kobiler, D.} } @article {agbpwk02, title = {Postexposure Prophylaxis against Anthrax: Evaluation of Various Treatment Regimens in Intranasally Infected Guinea Pigs}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {70}, year = {2002}, pages = {11}, author = {Altboum, Z. and Gozes, Y. and Barnea, A. and Pass, A. and White, M. and Kobiler, D.} } @article {1875, title = {Predicting likelihood of gastroenteritis from sea bathing: results from randomised exposure}, journal = {The lancet}, volume = {344}, year = {1994}, pages = {905{\textendash}909}, author = {Kay, D and Jones, F and Wyer, MD and Fleisher, JM and Salmon, RL and Godfree, AF and Zelenauch-Jacquotte, A and Shore, R} } @article {1554, title = {Predicting likelihood of gastroenteritis from sea bathingresults from randomised exposure}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {344}, year = {1994}, chapter = {pp. 905-909}, author = {Kay, D and J M Fleisher and A F Godfree and F Jones and R L Salmon and R Shore and M D Wyer and R Zelenauch-Jacquotte} } @article {1206, title = {Preliminary epidemiologic assessment of MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea, May{\textendash}June 2015}, journal = {Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles= European communicable disease bulletin}, volume = {20}, year = {2015}, doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.25.21163}, url = { https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4535930/ }, author = {Cowling, Benjamin J and Park, Minah and Fang, Vicky J and Wu, Peng and Leung, Gabriel M and Wu, Joseph T} } @article {1860, title = {Presence of pathogens and indicator microbes at a non-point source subtropical recreational marine beach}, journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology}, volume = {76}, year = {2010}, pages = {724{\textendash}732}, author = {Abdelzaher, Amir M and Wright, Mary E and Ortega, Cristina and Solo-Gabriele, Helena M and Miller, Gary and Elmir, Samir and Newman, Xihui and Shih, Peter and Bonilla, J Alfredo and Bonilla, Tonya D and others} } @article {1571, title = {Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil}, journal = {American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine}, volume = {83}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 528-533}, author = {Sroka, S and Bartelheimer, N and Winter, A and Heukelbach, J and Ariza, L and Ribeiro, H and Oliveira, F A and Queiroz, A J and Alencar, C and Liesenfeld, O} } @article {we04, title = {Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-associated diarrhoea and carrier state in the developing world}, journal = {Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {370-382}, url = {http://imsear.hellis.org/handle/123456789/542}, author = {Wenner{\r a}s, C. and Erling, V.} } @article {1718, title = {Proposal for a unified norovirus nomenclature and genotyping}, year = {2013}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23615870}, author = {A Kroneman and E Vega and J Vennema and PA Vinje and G White and K Hansman} } @article {1773, title = {Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis}, year = {2012}, url = {https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/Content.aspx?bookid=1130\§ionid=79740785}, author = {PF Weller} } @article {1381, title = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa rash associated with a whirlpool}, year = {1976}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/345619}, author = {J Washburn and JA Jacobson} } @article {1513, title = {Q fever: a biological weapon in your backyard}, journal = {The Lancet Infectious Diseases}, volume = {3}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 709-721}, author = {Madariaga, M G and K Rezai and G M Trenholme and R A Weinstein} } @article {hwmt08, title = {Q Fever: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment}, journal = {Mayo Clinic Proceedings}, volume = {83}, year = {2008}, pages = {574-579}, doi = {10.4065/83.5.574}, url = {http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0025-6196/PIIS0025619611607337.pdf}, author = {Hartzell, J. D. and Wood-Morris, R. N. and Martinez, L. J. and Trotta, R. F.} } @article {1548, title = {Q Fever Outbreak in Industrial Setting}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Disease}, volume = {10}, year = {2004}, author = {Hugo C van Woerden and Brendan W Mason and Lika K Nehaul and Robert Smith and Roland L Salmon and Brendan Healy and Manoj Valappil and Diana Westmoreland and Sarah de Martin and Meirion R Evans and Graham Lloyd and Marysia Hamilton-Kirkwood and Nina S Williams} } @article {1808, title = {Quantification of the Effects of Age on the Dose Response of Variola major in Suckling Mice}, journal = {Human and Ecological Risk Assessment}, volume = {15}, year = {2009}, pages = {1245{\textendash}1256}, author = {Weir, Mark H and Haas, Charles N} } @article {1820, title = {Quantification of the {Effects} of {Age} on the {Dose} {Response} of {{Variola} major in {Suckling} {Mice}}, journal = {Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2009}, pages = {1245{\textendash}1256}, abstract = {

Dose-response data for Variola major (V. major), the causative agent of smallpox, were obtained from the open literature, summarized, and fitted with three doseresponse models. It is known from prior outbreak experience that there is generally a difference in infectivity of the agent and its subsequent mortality depending on the age of the patient. A source of animal dose-response data were found with age delineation for the exposure group (suckling mice, intraperitoneal exposure). This delineation was used to adapt current dose-response models to include an age dependency parameter. The degree of the models{\textquoteright} fit to the data was ascertained using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The effect of host age could be described quantitatively using modifications to the beta Poisson and exponential dose-response models. The modifications improvement in the accuracy of risk prediction by 72\% for the beta Poisson model and 7\% for the exponential model, compared to the original (unmodified) models.

}, issn = {1080-7039, 1549-7860}, doi = {10.1080/10807030903304906}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10807030903304906}, author = {Weir, Mark H. and Haas, Charles N.} } @article {1888, title = {Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality and swimming-associated illness at marine beaches: a prospective cohort study}, journal = {Environmental Health}, volume = {9}, year = {2010}, pages = {66{\textendash}66}, author = {Wade, Timothy J and Sams, Elizabeth and Brenner, Kristen P and Haugland, Richard and Chern, Eunice and Beach, Michael and Wymer, Larry and Rankin, Clifford C and Love, David and Li, Quanlin and others} } @article {1561, title = {Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality are predictive of swimming-associated gastrointestinal illness}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {114}, year = {2006}, chapter = {pp. 24-28}, author = {Wade, T J and Calderon, R L and Sams, E and Beach, M and Brenner, K P and Williams, A H and Dufour, A P} } @article {1237, title = {Reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy studies of Escherichia coli type 1 somatic pili parenteral vaccine in man.}, journal = {Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 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