@article {1799, title = {{A} {data} {simulation} {method} to {optimize} a {mechanistic} {dose-response} {model} for {viral} {loads} of {hepatitis} {A}}, journal = {Microbial Risk Analysis}, year = {2019}, pages = {100102}, abstract = {

Driven by the quantitative estimate of risk via the dose-response models, quantitative microbial risk assessment has been used successfully for public health interventions. The dose-response models are derived starting from an average exposed dose of infectious particles, this dictates the dose data units required. Then dose-response data from animal model experiments are used to optimize these mechanistic dose-response models. For hepatitis A (Hep-A), the only available dose-response data use grams of feces for dose units. Therefore, to develop a dose-response model for Hep-A a method of converting these doses in grams of feces into infectious particles, while accounting for the uncertainty of this conversion is needed. This research develops a method to couple data simulation with the likelihood estimation method for model optimization to accomplish this. This adapted method uses data simulation to model the doses as viruses while accounting for the within-group variability of this simulation. Then these simulated doses, coupled with the original dose-response data, are used to optimize the mechanistic dose-response models. This method results in a more computationally rigorous means of modeling these types of dose-response data. The resulting dose-response model for Hep-A is also more appropriate to use than the current option for Hep-A risk models.

}, keywords = {Data simulation, Dose-response, Hepatitis A, QMRA}, issn = {2352-3522}, doi = {10.1016/j.mran.2019.100102}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352219300222}, author = {Weir, Mark H.} } @article {hwmsdb, title = {De la Macorra F and Corozza FA (1966) Study of induced typhoid fever in man. I. Evaluation of vaccine effectiveness}, journal = {Transactions of the Association of American Physicians}, volume = {79}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {361}, author = {Hornick, R B and Woodward, T E and McCrumb, F R and Snyder, M J and Dawkins, A T and Bulkeley, J T} } @book {hhmxkt06, title = {Deaths: Final Data for National Vital Statistics Reports.}, year = {2006}, publisher = {National Center for Health Statistics}, organization = {National Center for Health Statistics}, url = {http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf}, author = {Heron, M. and Hoyert, D. and Murphy, S. L. and Xu, J. and Kochanek, K. D. and Tejada-Vera, B.}, editor = {Division of Vital Statistics} } @article {1686, title = {Decay of bacterial pathogens, fecal indicators, and real-time quantitative PCR genetic markers in manure-amended soils.}, year = {2011}, url = {https://aem.asm.org/content/77/14/4839}, author = {SW Rogers} } @article {1516, title = {Defaecation pattern and intestinal transit in Nigerian children}, journal = {African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences}, volume = {24}, year = {1995}, chapter = {pp. 337-341}, author = {Akinbami, F and Erinoso, O and Akinwolere, O} } @article {1856, title = {Defective Phagocytosis and Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Lung Following Bone Marrow Transplantation}, journal = {The Journal of Immunology}, volume = {171}, year = {2003}, month = {2003/10/15/}, pages = {4416 - 4424}, abstract = {

Abstract Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an important therapeutic option for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Unfortunately, BMT recipients are at increased risk of infection, and in particular, pulmonary complications occur frequently. Although the risk of infection is greatest during the neutropenic period immediately following transplant, patients are still vulnerable to pulmonary infections even after neutrophil engraftment. We evaluated the risk of infection in this postengraftment period by using a well-established mouse BMT model. Seven days after syngeneic BMT, B6D2F1 mice are no longer neutropenic, and by 3 wk, they demonstrate complete reconstitution of the peripheral blood. However, these mice remain more susceptible throughout 8 wk to infection after intratracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; increased mortality in the P. aeruginosa-infected BMT mice correlates with increased bacterial burden in the lungs as well as increased systemic dissemination. This heightened susceptibility to infection was not secondary to a defect in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung. The inability to clear P. aeruginosa in the lung correlated with reduced phagocytosis of the bacteria by alveolar macrophages (AMs), but not neutrophils, decreased production of TNF-α by AMs, and decreased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following infection. Expression of the β2 integrins CD11a and CD11c was reduced on AMs from BMT mice compared with wild-type mice. Thus, despite restoration of peripheral blood count, phagocytic defects in the AMs of BMT mice persist and may contribute to the increased risk of infection seen in the postengraftment period.

}, isbn = {0022-1767, 1550-6606}, url = {https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/171/8/4416/35775/Defective-Phagocytosis-and-Clearance-of}, author = {Ojielo, Charles I. and Cooke, Kenneth and Mancuso, Pete and Standiford, Theodore J. and Olkiewicz, Krystyna M. and Clouthier, Shawn and Corrion, Leigh and Ballinger, Megan N. and Toews, Galen B. and Paine, Robert and Moore, Bethany B.} } @article {1917, title = {Defective phagocytosis and clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung following bone marrow transplantation}, journal = {The Journal of Immunology}, volume = {171}, year = {2003}, pages = {4416{\textendash}4424}, author = {Ojielo, Charles I and Cooke, Kenneth and Mancuso, Pete and Standiford, Theodore J and Olkiewicz, Krystyna M and Clouthier, Shawn and Corrion, Leigh and Ballinger, Megan N and Toews, Galen B and Paine, Robert and others} } @article {1675, title = {Deteccao De Quantificacao de enterovirus em lodo de esgoto proveniente de estacoes de tratamento de esgotos com potencial uso na agrictultura do esado de sao paulo}, year = {2011}, url = {http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-24042012-084208/pt-br.php}, author = {RM Salvador} } @article {1517, title = {Detection and characterization of norovirus outbreaks in Germany: Application of a one-tube RT-PCR using a fluorogenic real-time detection system}, journal = {Journal of Medical Virology}, volume = {72}, year = {2004}, chapter = {pp. 312-319}, author = {Hohne, M and Schreier, E} } @article {1721, title = { Detection and forecasting of oyster norovirus outbreaks: Recent advances and future perspectives}, year = {2012}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22841883}, author = {J Wang and Z Deng} } @article {1502, title = {Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts/oocysts in watersheds and drinking water sources in Brazil urban areas}, journal = {Journal of Water and Health}, volume = {8}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 399-404}, author = {Razzolini, MTP and Santos, TFdS and Bastos, VK} } @article {1384, title = {Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical and environmental samples by amplification of the exotoxin A gene using PCR. Applied and environmental microbiology}, year = {1994}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC201881/}, author = {AA Khan and CE Cerniglia} } @article {1609, title = {Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water sample concentrates by real-time PCR}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {75}, year = {2009}, chapter = {pp. 3477-3483}, author = {Yang, W and Lindquist, H D and Cama, V and Schaefer, F W and Villegas, E and Fayer, R and Lewis, E J and Feng, Y and Xiao, L} } @article {1617, title = {Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden}, journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, volume = {231}, year = {2007}, chapter = {pp. 1676-1684}, author = {Dabritz, H A and Miller, M A and Atwill, E R and Gardner, I A and Leutenegger, C M and Melli, A C and Conrad, P A} } @article {1332, title = {Detection of Vibrio cholera by O1 and O139 in environmental water samples by an immunofluorescent-aggregation assay}, year = {2010}, url = {10.1128/AEM.02559-09}, author = {D Wang and X Xu} } @article {1738, title = {Determination of the 50\% Human Infectious Dose for Norwalk Virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases}, year = {2014}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253285}, author = {RL Atmar and AR Opekun and MA Gilger and MK Estes and SE Crawford and FH Neill} } @article {1611, title = {Determining UV inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by using cell culture and a mouse bioassay}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {76}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 5140-5147}, author = {Ware, M W and Augustine, S A and Erisman, D O and See, M J and Wymer, L and Hayes, S L and Dubey, J P and Villegas, E N} } @article {1630, title = {Determining UV inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by using cell culture and a mouse bioassay}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {76}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 5140-5147}, author = {Ware, M W and Augustine, S A and Erisman, D O and See, M J and Wymer, L and Hayes, S L and Dubey, J P and Villegas, E N} } @article {ht, title = {Development and Validation of Dose-Response Relationship for Listeria monocytogenes}, journal = {Quantitative Microbiology}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, pages = {89-102}, author = {Haas, C N and Thayyar-Madabusi, A} } @article {1271, title = {Development of a Dose-Response Model for SARS Coronavirus}, journal = {Risk Analysis: An International Journal}, volume = {30}, year = {2010}, month = {07/2010}, pages = {1129{\textendash}1138}, abstract = {

In order to develop a dose-response model for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the pooled data sets for infection of transgenic mice susceptible to SARS-CoV and infection of mice with murine hepatitis virus strain 1, which may be a clinically relevant model of SARS, were fit to beta-Poisson and exponential models with the maximum likelihood method. The exponential model (k= 4.1 {\texttimes} l02) could describe the dose-response relationship of the pooled data sets. The beta-Poisson model did not provide a statistically significant improvement in fit. With the exponential model, the infectivity of SARS-CoV was calculated and compared with those of other coronaviruses. The does of SARS-CoV corresponding to 10\% and 50\% responses (illness) were estimated at 43 and 280 PFU, respectively. Its estimated infectivity was comparable to that of HCoV-229E, known as an agent of human common cold, and also similar to those of some animal coronaviruses belonging to the same genetic group. Moreover, the exponential model was applied to the analysis of the epidemiological data of SARS outbreak that occurred at an apartment complex in Hong Kong in 2003. The estimated dose of SARS-CoV for apartment residents during the outbreak, which was back-calculated from the reported number of cases, ranged from 16 to 160 PFU/person, depending on the floor. The exponential model developed here is the sole dose-response model for SARS-CoV at the present and would enable us to understand the possibility for reemergence of SARS.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01427}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01427.x}, author = {Watanabe, T. and Bartrand, T. A. and Weir, M. H. and Omura, T. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {h, title = {Development of a dose-response relationship for Escherichia coli O157:H7}, journal = {International Journal of Food Microbiology}, volume = {56}, number = {2-3}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {153-159}, url = {http://smas.chemeng.ntua.gr/miram/files/publ_47_9_1_2004.pdf}, author = {Haas, C. N. and others} } @article {1949, title = {Development of a dose{\textendash}response model for Naegleria fowleri}, journal = {Journal of Water and Health}, volume = {17}, year = {2018}, month = {10}, pages = {63-71}, abstract = {

{This study develops novel dose{\textendash}response models for Naegleria fowleri from selected peer-reviewed experiments on the virulence based on the intranasal exposure pathway. One data set measured the response of mice intranasally inoculated with the amebae and the other study addressed the response of mice swimming in N. fowleri infected water. The measured response for both studies was death. All experimental data were best fit by the beta-Poisson dose{\textendash}response model. The three swimming experiments could be pooled, and this is the final recommended model with an LD50 of 13,257 amebae. The results of this study provide a better estimate of the probability of the risk to N. fowleri exposure than the previous models developed based on an intravenous exposure. An accurate dose{\textendash}response model is the first step in quantifying the risk of free-living amebae like N. fowleri, which pose risks in recreational environments and have been detected in drinking water and premise plumbing systems. A better understanding of this risk will allow for risk management that limits the ability for pathogen growth, proliferation, and exposure.}

}, issn = {1477-8920}, doi = {10.2166/wh.2018.181}, url = {https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.181}, author = {Dean, Kara and Weir, Mark H. and Mitchell, Jade} } @article {weir2017development, title = {Development of a microbial dose response visualization and modelling application for QMRA modelers and educators}, journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software}, volume = {88}, year = {2017}, pages = {74{\textendash}83}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Weir, Mark H and Mitchell, Jade and Flynn, William and Pope, Joanna M} } @book {wmfp, title = {Development of a Microbial Dose Response Visualization and Modelling Application for QMRA Modelers and Educators}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, organization = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, author = {Weir, M. H. and Mitchell, J. and Flynn, W. B. and Pope, J. M.} } @mastersthesis {w09, title = {Development of a Physiologically Based Pathogen Transport and Kinetics Model for the Inhalation of {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Bacillus anthracis{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Spores}, year = {2009}, school = {Drexel University}, address = {Philadelphia PA}, url = {http://wiki.camra.msu.edu/images/b/bf/WeirM_2009_Dissertation.pdf}, author = {Weir, M H} } @article {weir2009development, title = {Development of physiologically based pathogen transport and kinetics model for inhalation of Bacillus anthracis spores}, year = {2009}, author = {Weir, Mark H} } @article {1514, title = {Developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii: Structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations}, journal = {Journal of Bacteriology}, volume = {147}, year = {1981}, chapter = {pp. 1063-1076}, author = {McCaul, T F and Williams, J C} } @article {lcwchs77, title = {Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli that produce only heat-stable enterotoxin}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {17}, year = {1977}, pages = {1}, author = {Levine, M M and Caplan, E S and Waterman, D and Cash, R A and Hornick, R B and Snyder, M J} } @article {nk98, title = {Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli}, journal = {Clinical Microbiology Reviews}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {1998}, pages = {142-201}, url = {http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/11/1/142}, author = {Nataro, J P and Kaper, J B} } @article {gabdfamp86, title = {Diarrhoea in Mice Infected with a Human Rotavirus}, journal = {Journal of General Virology}, volume = {67}, year = {1986}, pages = {3}, author = {Gouvea, V. S. and Alencar, A. A. and Barth, O. M. and Castro L. de and Fialho, A. M. and Ara{\~A}{\textordmasculine}jo, H. P. and Majerowicz, S. and Pereira, H. G.} } @article {1676, title = {Dinamica Microbianadel pre tratamiento termico/digestion anaerobia para la produccion de biosolidos clase A}, year = {2013}, url = {https://smbb.mx/congresos\%20smbb/acapulco09/TRABAJOS/AREA_IV/CIV-72.pdf}, author = {SM Magos-Navarro} } @article {collier2012direct, title = {Direct healthcare costs of selected diseases primarily or partially transmitted by water}, journal = {Epidemiology \& Infection}, volume = {140}, number = {11}, year = {2012}, pages = {2003{\textendash}2013}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Collier, SA and Stockman, LJ and Hicks, LA and Garrison, LE and Zhou, FJ and Beach, MJ} } @article {1425, title = {Direct healthcare costs of selected diseases primarily or partially transmitted by water}, journal = {Epidemiology \& Infection}, volume = {2015}, year = {2012}, edition = {Volume 140, Isssue 11: pp. 2003-2013}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/direct-healthcare-costs-of-selected-diseases-primarily-or-partially-transmitted-by-water/CCDC9B2EE212DF3A99C22489B1F03E21}, author = {Collier, S. A. and Stockman, L. J. and Hicks, L. A. and Garrison, L. E. and Zhou, F. J. and Beach, M. J.} } @article {1312, title = {Discharge -based QMRA for estimation of public health risks from exposure to stormwater -borne pathogens in recreational waters in the United States}, year = {2013}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135413004922}, author = {GB McBride} } @article {1740, title = {Discharge-based QMRA for estimation of public health risks from exposure to stormwater-borne pathogens in recreational waters in the United States}, year = {2013}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863377}, author = {GB McBride and R Stott and W Miller and D Bambic and S Wuertz} } @article {1523, title = {Disinfection by-products in Finnish drinking waters}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {48}, year = {2002}, chapter = {pp. 9-20}, author = {Nissinen, T K and I T Miettinen and P J Martikainen and T Vartiainen} } @article {1195, title = {Disinfection of greywater effluent and regrowth potential of selected bacteria}, journal = {Water Science and Technology}, volume = {63}, year = {2011}, pages = {931{\textendash}940}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.272}, url = { https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/63/5/931/16846/Disinfection-of-greywater-effluent-and-regrowth?redirectedFrom=fulltext }, author = {Friedler, Eran and Yardeni, Anat and Gilboa, Yael and Alfiya, Yuval} } @article {c11, title = {Distinguishing characteristics between pandemic 2009{\textendash}2010 influenza A (H1N1) and other viruses in patients hospitalized with respiratory illness}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, pages = {9}, author = {Chan, Philip A. and others} } @article {1445, title = {Distribution and seasonality of microbial indicators and thermophilic campylobacters in two freshwater bathing sites on the River Lune in northwest England}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, volume = {87}, year = {1999}, chapter = {pp. 822-832}, author = {K Obiri-Danso and Keith Jones} } @article {1887, title = {Do US Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Environmental health perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, pages = {1102{\textendash}1109}, author = {Wade, Timothy J and Pai, Nitika and Eisenberg, Joseph NS and Colford Jr, John M} } @article {1560, title = {Do US EPA water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 1102-1109}, author = {Wade, T J and Pai, N and Eisenberg, J N S and Colford, J M} } @article {powell_dose-response_nodate, title = {Dose-{Response} {Envelope} for {Escherichia} coli}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {24}, abstract = {Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging food and waterborne pathogen in the U.S. and internationally. The objective of this work was to develop a dose-response model for illness by this organism that bounds the uncertainty in the dose-response relationship. No human clinical trial data are available for E. coli O157:H7, but such data are available for two surrogate pathogens: enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shigella dysenteriae. E. coli O157:H7 outbreak data provide an initial estimate of the most likely value of the dose-response relationship within the bounds of an envelope de{\textregistered}ned by beta-Poisson dose-response models {\textregistered}t to the EPEC and S. dysenteriae data. The most likely value of the median effective dose for E. coli O157:H7 is estimated to be approximately 190 000 colony forming units (cfu). At a dose level of 100 cfu, the median response predicted by the model is six percent.}, author = {Powell, Mark R and Ebel, Eric and Schlosser, Wayne and Walderhaug, Mark and Kause, Janell} } @article {tts04, title = {Dose response for infection by Escherichia coli O157:H7 from outbreak data}, journal = {Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, pages = {401-407}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00441.x/pdf}, author = {Teunis, P. and Takumi, K. and Shinagawa, K.} } @article {cgcht06, title = {Dose response for infectivity of several strains of {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Campylobacter jejuni{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} in chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, year = {2006}, pages = {1613-1621}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00850.x/pdf}, author = {Chen, L. and Geys, H. and Cawthraw, S. and Havelaar, A. and Teunis, P.} } @article {chen2006dose, title = {Dose response for infectivity of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, pages = {1613{\textendash}1621}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, author = {Chen, Lailai and Geys, Helena and Cawthraw, Shaun and Havelaar, Arie and Teunis, Peter} } @article {cgcht06, title = {Dose Response for Infectivity of Several Strains of Campylobacter jejuni in Chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {26}, year = {2006}, pages = {6}, author = {Chen, L. and Geys, H. and Cawthraw, S. and Havelaar, A. and Teunis, P.} } @article {cgcht06, title = {Dose response for infectivity of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, pages = {1613-1621}, author = {Chen, L. and Geys, H. and Cawthraw, S. and Havelaar, A. and Teunis, P.} } @article {1853, title = {A dose response model for the inhalation route of exposure to P. aeruginosa}, journal = {Microbial Risk Analysis}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/08//}, pages = {100115}, abstract = {

This study develops a dose response model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the inhalation route of exposure using pre-existing data. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing community and hospital-acquired lung infections. As such, a dose response model for this route of exposure is needed to assess risks posed by the inhalation of aerosols from showers, humidifiers, or hot tubs contaminated with P. aeruginosa. Single-hit theory models traditionally used for dose response modeling did not provide significant fits to the limited available data. The multi-hit dose response model operates under the cooperativity theory and did provide a significant fit, suggesting that a single P. aeruginosa bacterium is not sufficient to initiate a pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent host. A hierarchical Bayesian analysis was used to benchmark this model against additional dose response experiments and results further suggested that the multi-hit model may better represent the dose response behavior for this exposure route. The best fitting model has an LD50 of 2,588,047 Colony Forming Units. This model can be used to quantify risk in inhalation exposure scenarios, however, due to the limited amount of primary data, it is especially important for any future risk assessment to analyze the impact that using different dose response models may have on the final risk estimates and recommended control measures.

}, isbn = {23523522}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352352220300219}, author = {Dean, Kara and Mitchell, Jade} } @article {1821, title = {A dose response model for the inhalation route of exposure to {P}. aeruginosa}, journal = {Microbial Risk Analysis}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, pages = {100115}, abstract = {

This study develops a dose response model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the inhalation route of exposure using pre-existing data. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing community and hospital-acquired lung infections. As such, a dose response model for this route of exposure is needed to assess risks posed by the inhalation of aerosols from showers, humidifiers, or hot tubs contaminated with P. aeruginosa. Single-hit theory models traditionally used for dose response modeling did not provide significant fits to the limited available data. The multi-hit dose response model operates under the cooperativity theory and did provide a significant fit, suggesting that a single P. aeruginosa bacterium is not sufficient to initiate a pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent host. A hierarchical Bayesian analysis was used to benchmark this model against additional dose response experiments and results further suggested that the multi-hit model may better represent the dose response behavior for this exposure route. The best fitting model has an LD50 of 2,588,047 Colony Forming Units. This model can be used to quantify risk in inhalation exposure scenarios, however, due to the limited amount of primary data, it is especially important for any future risk assessment to analyze the impact that using different dose response models may have on the final risk estimates and recommended control measures.

}, issn = {23523522}, doi = {10.1016/j.mran.2020.100115}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352352220300219}, author = {Dean, Kara and Mitchell, Jade} } @article {s05, title = {Dose response modelling of Escherichia coli O157 incorporating data from foodborne and environmental outbreaks}, journal = {International Journal of Food Microbiology}, volume = {103}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, pages = {35-47}, author = {Strachan, N. J. C. al.} } @article {ndkro05, title = {Dose response modelling of Escherichia coli O157 incorporating data from foodborne and environmental outbreaks}, journal = {International Journal of Food Microbiology}, volume = {103}, year = {2005}, pages = {1}, author = {Strachan Njc and Doyle, M. P. and Kasuga, F. and Rotariu, O. and Ogden, I. D.} } @article {n, title = {Dose response modelling of Escherichia coli O157 incorporating data from foodborne and environmental outbreaks}, journal = {International Journal of Food Microbiology}, volume = {103}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, pages = {35-47}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg\&_imagekey=B6T7K-4FNCW2P-2-7\&_cdi=5061\&_user=1111158\&_pii=S0168160505000693\&_origin=gateway\&_coverDate=08}, author = {Strachan Njc and others} } @article {1262, title = {Dose response models and a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework for the Mycobacterium avium complex that account for recent developments in molecular biology, taxonomy, and epidemiology}, journal = {Water Research}, volume = {109}, year = {2016}, month = {11}, author = {Hamilton, Kerry and Weir, Mark and Haas, Charles} } @article {1481, title = {Dose response models for infectious gastroenteritis}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {19}, year = {1999}, chapter = {pp. 1251-1260}, author = {Teunis, P F M and Nagelkerke, N J D and Haas, C N} } @article {1833, title = {Dose response models for infectious gastroenteritis}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {19}, year = {1999}, pages = {1251{\textendash}1260}, author = {Teunis, Peter FM and Nagelkerke, Nico JD and Haas, Charles N} } @article {mcmsobdrdm84, title = {Dose Response of Cold-Adapted, Reassortant Influenza A/California/10/78 Virus (H1N1) in Adult Volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {149}, year = {1984}, pages = {5}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6726007}, author = {Murphy, B R and Clements, M L and Madore, H P and Steinberg, J and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, S and Betts, R and Demico, D and Reichman, R C and Dolin, R and Maassab, H F} } @article {mctbsc85, title = {Dose Response of Influenza A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) Avian-Human Reassortant Virus in Adult Volunteers}, journal = {The Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {152}, year = {1985}, pages = {1}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/30104663?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Murphy, B R and Clements, M L and Tierney, E L and Black, R E and Stienberg, J and Chanock, R M} } @article {1269, title = {Dose-Response Assessment for Influenza A Virus Based on Data Sets of Infection with its Live Attenuated Reassortants}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {32}, year = {2012}, pages = {555{\textendash}565}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01680.x}, author = {Watanabe, T. and Bartrand, T. A. and Omura, T. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {p00, title = {Dose-response envelope for Escherichia coli}, journal = {Quantitative Microbiology}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, pages = {141-163}, author = {Powell, Mark R. and others} } @article {p00, title = {Dose-response envelope for Escherichia coli O157:H7}, journal = {Quantitative Microbiology}, volume = {2}, year = {2000}, pages = {141-163}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k3t3768n75w16246/fulltext.pdf}, author = {Powell, M R and Eric Ebel and Wayne Schlosser and Mark Walderhaug and Janell Kause} } @article {stawmrmd08, title = {Dose-Response Model for Listeria monocytogenes-Induced Stillbirths in Nonhuman Primates}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {76}, year = {2008}, pages = {2}, author = {Smith, M A and Takeuchi, K and Anderson, G and Ware, G O and McClure, H M and Raybourne, R B and Mytle, N and Doyle, M P} } @article {tamrakar2011dose, title = {Dose-Response Model of Coxiella burnetii (Q Fever)}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {120{\textendash}128}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, author = {Tamrakar, Sushil B and Haluska, Anne and Haas, Charles N and Bartrand, Timothy A} } @article {thhb11, title = {Dose-Response Model of Coxiella burnetii (Q Fever)}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {120-128}, author = {Tamrakar, S B and Haluska, A and Haas, C N and Bartrand, B A} } @article {w16, title = {Dose-Response Modeling and Use: Challenges and Uncertainties in Environmental Exposure}, journal = {In Manual of Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {3}, year = {2016}, pages = {5}, url = {http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555818821}, author = {Weir, M. H.} } @article {bwh08, title = {Dose-Response Models for Inhalation of Bacillus anthracis Spores: Interspecies Comparisons}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {28}, year = {2008}, pages = {4}, author = {Bartrand, T. A. and Weir, M. H. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {wicm, title = {Dose-Response of Listeria monocytogenes after Oral Exposure in Pregnant Guinea Pigs}, journal = {Journal of Food Protection}, volume = {70}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {5}, author = {Williams, D and Irvin, E A and Chmielewski, R A and Frank J F (May)} } @article {1827, title = {Dose-response study of RIT 4237 oral rotavirus vaccine in breast-fed and formula-fed infants.}, journal = {Pediatric infectious disease}, volume = {4}, year = {1985}, pages = {622{\textendash}625}, author = {Vesikari, Timo and Ruuska, TARJA and Bogaerts, HUGUES and Delem, ANDR{\'E}E and Andr{\'e}, FRANCIS} } @article {1389, title = {Dose{\textendash}response algorithms for water-borne Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis}, year = {2015}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25275553}, author = {DJ Roser} } @article {1268, title = {Dose{\textendash}response time modelling for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection}, journal = {Letters in applied microbiology}, volume = {53}, year = {2011}, pages = {438{\textendash}444}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03128.x}, author = {Kitajima, M. and Huang, Y. and Watanabe, T. and Katayama, H. and Haas, C. N.} } @article {1414, title = {Double-blind comparison of bismuth subsalicylate and placebo in the prevention and treatment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in volunteers}, year = {1983}, url = {https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(83)80066-3/pdf}, author = {DY Graham} } @article {1503, title = {Drinking water criteria document on Giardia}, year = {1998}, institution = {Environmental Protection Agency}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, author = {USEPA,} } @article {1642, title = {Drinking water quality in household supply infrastructure{\textemdash}A survey of the current situation in Germany}, journal = {International journal of hygiene and environmental health}, volume = {213}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 204-209}, author = {V{\"o}lker, Sebastian and Christiane Schreiber and Thomas Kistemann} } @article {volker2010drinking, title = {Drinking water quality in household supply infrastructure{\textemdash}A survey of the current situation in Germany}, journal = {International journal of hygiene and environmental health}, volume = {213}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, pages = {204{\textendash}209}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {V{\"o}lker, Sebastian and Schreiber, Christiane and Kistemann, Thomas} } @book {1469, title = {Drinking Water Safety in the 21st Century}, author = {Coulliete, A D and Alan-Yillmaz, A and Dreelin, E A and McNinch, R M and Fong, T T and Rose, J B} } @article {1483, title = {Dutch News}, url = {https://www.dutchnews.nl/} }