Occurrence

Surface Water

Organism Location Concentration Method of Analysis Reference
Norovirus Chicago River Waterway (Upstream of CSO outfall) Range: <1 (dry) to <5.8-1,150 (wet) [PCR MPN/100L]   Rijal, G (2009)
Norovirus Chicago River Waterway (Downstream of CSO outfall) Range: <1 (dry) to <5.8->3,930 (wet) [PCR MPN/100L]   Rijal, G (2009)
Norovirus Chicago River Waterway (At CSO outfall) Range: <1-35,000 (dry) to <10781 (wet) [PCR MPN/100L]   Rijal, G (2009)
Norovirus Treated Wastewater, Southern Finland (2009) <50 - 1.00x104 [PCR units / mL] Direct PCR Maunula, L. et al (2012)
Norovirus Treated Wastewater, Southern Finland (2009) 8.06x101 - 9.61x102 [PCR units / mL] PCR after freeze-drying Maunula, L. et al (2012)