Recreational Ambient Water Outbreaks 



Outbreaks by State
0 21
 
Outbreaks by State Lake River Ocean Spring Unknown 84.4%
Water Body Outbreaks
Lake 157
River 12
Ocean 6
Spring 6
Unknown 5
 
Etiologic Agent Cryptosporidium spp Enterovirus Escherichia coli (O157:H7&amp… Giardia spp Leptospira spp Naegleria fowleri Norovirus Other Plesiomonas shigelloides Schistosoma spp Shigella sonnei Campylobacter… 10.4% 17.9% 29.2% 10.4% 15.1%
Organism Outbreaks
Cryptosporidium spp 11
Enterovirus 1
Escherichia coli (O157:H7&O26) 19
Giardia spp 3
Leptospira spp 6
Naegleria fowleri 1
Norovirus 16
Other 3
Plesiomonas shigelloides 3
Schistosoma spp 11
Shigella sonnei 31
Campylobacter jejuni 1
 
Year State Etiologic Agent Cases Attack Rate (Ill/Exposed) Hospitalized Individuals Water Body
1978 Vermont Schistosoma spp 30     Lake
1979 Michigan   239     Lake
1979 Maine   30     Lake
1980 New York Shigella spp 127     Lake
1980 Maryland   53     Lake
1980 Louisiana Shigella spp 133     Lake
1980 Kansas Shigella spp 60     Lake
1980 Illinois Shigella spp 15     Lake
1981 New York Leptospira 6     River
1981 Hawaii Microcoleus lyngbyaceus 14     Ocean
1982 Alaska Schistosoma spp 7     Lake
1983 Wisconsin Enterovirus 40   0 Lake
1983 Minnesota Norovirus 38     Unknown
1983 Minnesota Norovirus 38     Unknown
1983 Illinois   32     Lake
1983 Illinois Shigella 6     Lake
1983 California Shigella sonnei 40 0.00   Lake, Other
1984 Ohio Shigella sonnei 29 0.47   Lake
1984 New York   50     Lake
1984 Alaska Schistosoma 30     Lake
1985 California Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii 68   15 Lake
1986 California Norovirus 41   0 Lake
1987 Wisconsin   160 0.40 0 Lake
1987 South Carolina Shigella sonnei 130     Lake
1987 Maryland Other 4 0.25 4 River
1987 Hawaii Leptospira spp 8 0.50   River
1988 Vermont   36 0.06 1 Lake
1988 Vermont   300 0.50 1 Lake
1988 Pennsylvania Shigella sonnei 138 0.03 14 Lake
1988 Minnesota   24   0 Lake
1988 Illinois Shigella sonnei 61 0.06 6 Lake
1988 Georgia Shigella sonnei 22 0.01 5 Lake
1989 New Jersey   17 0.49   Lake
1989 New Jersey   26 0.54 0 Lake
1989 Michigan Shigella sonnei 65   4 Lake
1989 Maine   22     Lake
1990 Wyoming   4   0 Lake
1990 Wisconsin   79 0.08 0 Lake
1990 Washington   244 0.56 0 Lake
1990 Pennsylvania   60 0.05   Lake
1990 Oregon Shigella sonnei 9   0 Lake
1990 North Carolina Shigella sonnei 68     Lake
1990 New York Shigella sonnei 7   4 Lake
1990 Minnesota   18 0.23 0 Lake
1991 Wyoming Schistosoma spp 5 0.25 0 Lake
1991 Washington Giardia intestinalis 4 1.00 0 Lake
1991 Utah Schistosoma spp 5   0 Lake
1991 Rhode Island Shigella sonnei 23 0.05 0 Lake
1991 Pennsylvania Shigella sonnei 203 0.00 0 Lake
1991 Oregon Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei 80 0.08 7 Lake
1991 North Carolina Adenovirus 595     Lake
1991 Illinois Leptospira spp 6   4 Lake
1991 Delaware Schistosoma spp 30 0.81   Ocean
1992 Virginia Shigella sonnei 9   1 Lake
1992 New Jersey Shigella sonnei 54   0 Lake
1992 New Jersey Schistosoma spp 40   0 Lake
1992 Maryland   15 0.60 0 River
1993 Washington Giardia intestinalis 6     River
1993 Ohio Shigella sonnei 160 0.16   Lake
1993 New Jersey Giardia intestinalis 48   1 Lake
1993 Maryland Giardia intestinalis 12 0.00 0 Lake
1994 New York Escherichia coli 166 0.33   Lake
1994 New Jersey Shigella sonnei 300 0.02 0 Lake
1994 New Jersey Shigella sonnei 265   2 Lake
1994 New Jersey Cryptosporidium parvum 418 0.72 5 Lake
1994 Minnesota Shigella flexneri 35   2 Lake
1994 Florida   12 0.34 2 Lake
1995 Wisconsin Escherichia coli, Giardia intestinalis, Plesiomonas spp 8   5 Lake
1995 Pennsylvania Shigella sonnei 70 0.01 5 Lake
1995 Pennsylvania   17 0.28 0 Lake
1995 Minnesota   12     Lake
1995 Minnesota Escherichia coli 6   2 Lake
1995 Minnesota Escherichia coli 2   2 Lake
1995 Illinois Escherichia coli 12 0.00 4 Lake
1996 Oregon Schistosoma spp 71 1.00 0 Lake
1996 Oregon Schistosoma spp 50 1.00   Lake
1996 Oregon   32     Lake
1996 Minnesota Escherichia coli 6   3 Lake
1996 Indiana Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis 3 1.00   Lake
1996 Indiana   4 1.00 0 Lake
1996 Idaho Norovirus 55 0.54 0 Spring
1996 Colorado Shigella sonnei 81   1 Lake
1996 Colorado Shigella sonnei 39     Lake
1997 Tennessee Cryptosporidium 28 0.28 0 Lake
1997 Oregon Schistosoma spp 2   0 Lake
1997 Missouri Escherichia coli 8 0.00 0 Lake
1998 Wisconsin Norovirus 18     Lake
1998 Washington   248 0.41 0 Lake
1998 Washington   58 0.37 0 Lake
1998 Pennsylvania Cryptosporidium parvum 8 0.73 2 Lake
1998 Ohio Norovirus 30   0 Lake
1998 Minnesota Norovirus 15 0.15 0 Lake
1998 Minnesota Escherichia coli 5   1 Lake
1998 Maine   650 0.27 0 Lake
1998 Illinois Leptospira spp 375 0.44 28 Lake
1999 Wisconsin Escherichia coli 5 0.45 0 Lake
1999 Washington Escherichia coli 36   7 Lake
1999 Oregon Schistosoma spp 2   0 Lake
1999 New York Norovirus 168     Lake
1999 New York   140     Lake
1999 Massachusetts Giardia intestinalis 18   0 Lake
1999 Illinois   25 0.10 0 Lake
1999 Idaho Norovirus 25     Spring
1999 Florida Escherichia coli 2 1.00 0 Other
1999 Connecticut Escherichia coli 11 0.03 2 Lake
2000 Minnesota Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis 220 0.15 0 Lake
2000 Minnesota Cryptosporidium parvum, Shigella sonnei 15     Lake
2000 Minnesota Shigella sonnei 25   0 Lake
2000 Maine   32 0.47 0 Lake
2000 Guam Leptospira interrogans 21 0.20 0 Lake
2000 Florida   2   0 Lake
2000 Florida   4 0.67   Spring
2000 California Schistosoma 2 0.02 0 Lake
2000 California Schistosoma 1 1.00 0 Lake
2001 Wyoming Cryptosporidium spp 2   1 Spring
2001 South Carolina Escherichia coli 45 0.30 4 Lake
2001 New Hampshire   42 0.62 0 Lake
2001 Minnesota Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni 20   5 Lake
2001 Minnesota Norovirus 67 0.34 0 Lake
2001 Minnesota Escherichia coli 4   0 Lake
2002 Wyoming Cryptosporidium spp 3   0 Lake
2002 Wyoming Giardia intestinalis 2   0 River
2002 Wisconsin Cryptosporidium spp, Norovirus, Shigella sonnei 44   1 Lake
2002 Oregon Schistosoma spp 19   0 Lake, River
2002 New York Shigella sonnei 20 0.00 2 Lake
2002 Minnesota Norovirus 11 0.85 0 Lake
2002 Maine   33 0.42 0 Other
2002 Florida   7 1.00 0 Lake
2003 Wyoming Plesiomonas shigelloides 2   0 Lake
2003 Ohio   6   0 Lake
2003 Ohio Plesiomonas shigelloides 3 1.00 1 Lake
2003 Maryland Shigella sonnei 65 0.86 0 Lake
2003 Idaho Cryptosporidium spp 4   0 Lake
2003 Georgia Shigella sonnei 13 0.05 0 Lake
2003 Florida Norovirus 20 0.59 0 Lake
2003 Florida Norovirus 10 0.40 0 Lake
2003 California   9   0 Lake
2004 Wisconsin   18   0 Lake
2004 Oregon Norovirus 39 0.39 0 Lake
2004 Nebraska Other 20   0 Lake
2004 Nebraska Other 2   0 Lake
2004 Missouri Giardia spp 9 0.39 1 Lake
2004 Minnesota Norovirus 9 0.35 0 Lake
2004 Hawaii Leptospira interrogans 2 1.00 1 River
2004 Guam Leptospira spp 3 0.43 2 River
2004 Georgia   9 1.00 0 Lake
2004 Arkansas Shigella flexneri 10 0.08 4 Lake
2005 Pennsylvania Shigella sonnei 15 0.00 3 Lake
2005 Oklahoma Naegleria fowleri 2   2 Unknown
2005 New York Cryptosporidium 27 0.27 3 Lake
2005 New York   13     Lake
2005 Minnesota Escherichia coli 4   2 Lake
2005 Minnesota Shigella sonnei 12   0 Lake
2005 Minnesota Norovirus 8   0 Lake
2005 Michigan Copper 3   1 Lake
2005 Massachusetts Shigella sonnei 5     Lake
2005 Maine   10 0.50 5 Lake
2005 Florida   24 0.29   Ocean
2005 Florida Leptospira 43 0.22 3 River
2005 California Schistosoma 2 1.00 0 Lake
2005 California Leptospira 3 1.00   River
2006 Wisconsin Escherichia coli 3   2 Lake
2006 Tennessee Escherichia coli 3   2 Lake
2006 Ohio   2 1.00 0 Lake
2006 Minnesota Norovirus 10 0.30 0 Lake
2006 Massachusetts Cryptosporidium 6   1 Lake
2006 Florida Norovirus 50 0.17   Lake
2007 Washington Cryptosporidium 7     Lake
2007 Tennessee   14     River
2007 North Dakota Cryptosporidium 10     Lake
2007 New Mexico Schistosoma 12     Lake
2007 Florida Karenia brevis 15     Ocean
2007 Florida   2     Ocean
2007 Colorado Shigella 2     Lake
2007 Colorado Schistosoma 57     Lake
2007 Colorado Schistosoma 200     Lake
2007 California Plesiomonas shigelloides 2     River, Spring
2008 Wisconsin Norovirus 23     Lake
2008 Vermont   10     Lake
2008 Ohio Shigella sonnei, Norovirus, Yersinia enterolytica 54     Lake
2008 Minnesota Norovirus 26     Lake
2008 Illinois Escherichia coli 3     Lake
2008 Florida Shigella 2     Spring
2008 Connecticut Norovirus 16     Lake
2008 California Schistosoma 31     Ocean
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