Pathogens

Cryptosporidium parvum causes cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic infection. The symptoms of cryptosporidiosis are: watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. In healthy people, the disease created by the parasite is self-limiting, but in immunosuppressed individuals, the disease may be chronic and severe.

Cyanobacteria can produce toxins called cyanotoxins, this comes from the blooms that form. Health effects associated with exposure to cyanobacteria are: stomach and intestinal illness, breathing problems, allergic reactions, skin irritation, liver damage, and neurotoxic reactions.

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Mortality was higher in infants with severe hepatitis (83%) than in infants with infection of the central nervous system (19%) (Modlin, 1986)

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Case fatality rates associated with amebic colitis range from 1.9%-9.1% (Aristizábal et al, 1991)

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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease caused by enterovirus in China between 2008 and 2009 was studied and the case fatality ratio was 0.03% (Zhang et al, 2011)

The overall mortality rate for E. coli O157:H7 is <1%. For those who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome, the death rate is between 3-5% (www.azdhs.gov)