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General Overview

According to Stalkup and Chilukuri, enterovirus, a small (30 nm), nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses, belongs to the family Picornaviridae. While most of the enterovirus infections are relatively mild and result in complete recovery of the patient, they can also cause severe and fatal diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, neonatal sepsis, and polio like paralytic diseases. Infection occurs mainly via fecal-oral transmission and less commonly by respiratory droplets. While no known non-human reservoirs have been identified, water-borne, foodborne, and blood-borne transmissions have been reported.

Summary Data

Cliver challenged pigs with Porcine enterovirus type 3 and 7 via oral exposure route.

 

ID Exposure Route # of Doses Agent Strain Dose Units Host type Μodel LD50/ID50 Optimized parameters Response type Reference
62 oral 3.00 porcine, PE3-ECPO-6 PFU pig exponential 2.34E+03 k = 2.96E-04 infection
Cliver, D. O. (1981). Experimental infection by waterborne enteroviruses. Journal of Food Protection, 44, 861–865. Retrieved from http://www.jfoodprotection.org/doi/abs/10.4315/0362-028X-44.11.861?code=fopr-site
63 oral 3.00 porcine, PE7-05i PFU pig exponential 1.85E+02 k = 3.74E-03 infection
Cliver, D. O. (1981). Experimental infection by waterborne enteroviruses. Journal of Food Protection, 44, 861–865. Retrieved from http://www.jfoodprotection.org/doi/abs/10.4315/0362-028X-44.11.861?code=fopr-site
Exposure Route:
oral
# of Doses:
3.00
Agent Strain:
porcine, PE3-ECPO-6
Dose Units:
PFU
Host type:
pig
Μodel:
exponential
LD50/ID50:
2.34E+03
Optimized parameters: k = 2.96E-04
Response type:
infection
Reference:
Experimental infection by waterborne enteroviruses
Pigs/ Porcine enterovirus type 3 Strain model data 
Dose infected Non-infected Total
100 0 3 3
250 0 6 6
1000 2 4 6

 

Goodness of fit and model selection
Model Deviance Δ Degrees 
of freedom		 χ20.95,1 
p-value 		χ20.95,m-k 
p-value
Exponential 1.24 -0.000314 2 3.84 
1 		5.99 
0.537
Beta Poisson 1.24 1 3.84 
0.265
Exponential is preferred to beta-Poisson; cannot reject good fit for exponential.

 

Optimized k parameter for the exponential model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations
Parameter MLE estimate Percentiles
0.5% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5%
k 2.96E-04 2.40E-17 2.40E-17 2.40E-17 7.19E-04 7.19E-04 1.02E-03
ID50/LD50/ETC* 2.34E+03 6.77E+02 9.64E+02 9.64E+02 2.89E+16 2.89E+16 2.89E+16
*Not a parameter of the exponential model; however, it facilitates comparison with other models.

 

Parameter histogram for exponential model (uncertainty of the parameter)

Exponential model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model

Highest quality
Exposure Route:
oral
# of Doses:
3.00
Agent Strain:
porcine, PE7-05i
Dose Units:
PFU
Host type:
pig
Μodel:
exponential
LD50/ID50:
1.85E+02
Optimized parameters: k = 3.74E-03
Response type:
infection
Reference:
Experimental infection by waterborne enteroviruses
pigs/ Porcine enterovirus type 7 
Dose infected Non-infected Total
250 4 2 6
250 3 3 6
1000 5 0 5

 

Goodness of fit and model selection
Model Deviance Δ Degrees 
of freedom		 χ20.95,1 
p-value 		χ20.95,m-k 
p-value
Exponential 0.614 -5.49e-05 2 3.84 
1 		5.99 
0.736
Beta Poisson 0.614 1 3.84 
0.433
Exponential is preferred to beta-Poisson; cannot reject good fit for exponential.

 

Optimized k parameter for the exponential model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations
Parameter MLE estimate Percentiles
0.5% 2.5% 5% 95% 97.5% 99.5%
k 3.74E-03 1.83E-03 2.19E-03 2.19E-03 5.62E-03 5.62E-03 5.62E-03
ID50/LD50/ETC* 1.85E+02 1.23E+02 1.23E+02 1.23E+02 3.16E+02 3.16E+02 3.79E+02
*Not a parameter of the exponential model; however, it facilitates comparison with other models.

 

Parameter histogram for exponential model (uncertainty of the parameter)

Exponential model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model

References

  • Stalkup, J. R., & Chilukuri, S. . (2002). Enterovirus infections: a review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Dermatologic Clinics, 20, 217–223. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12120436
  • Cliver, D. O. (1981). Experimental infection by waterborne enteroviruses. Journal of Food Protection, 44, 861–865. Retrieved from http://www.jfoodprotection.org/doi/abs/10.4315/0362-028X-44.11.861?code=fopr-site
  • Cliver, D. O. (1981). Experimental infection by waterborne enteroviruses. Journal of Food Protection, 44, 861-865. Retrieved from http://www.jfoodprotection.org/doi/abs/10.4315/0362-028X-44.11.861?code=fopr-site