Poliovirus

Environmental

Reservoir

Humans are the primary reservoir for poliovirus. While it is possible for chimpanzees and monkeys have demonstrated the ability to carry the virus, they have not been shown to be a significant reservoir.

Shedding

It has been shown by a study of infected people in a tropical community in a developing country that an individual can shed more than 10^6 virus particles per gram of feces excreted.

Norovirus

Occurrence

Surface Water

Organism Location Concentration Method of Analysis Reference
Norovirus Chicago River Waterway (Upstream of CSO outfall) Range: <1 (dry) to <5.8-1,150 (wet) [PCR MPN/100L]   Rijal, G (2009)
Norovirus Chicago River Waterway (Downstream of CSO outfall) Range: <1 (dry) to <5.8->3,930 (wet) [PCR MPN/100L]

Adenovirus

General

Adenoviruses are common viruses that can cause illness in humans. But, most illnesses are not serious. Adenoviruses most often cause respiratory illness. The viruses may also cause fever, diarrhea, pink eye (conjunctivitis), bladder infection (cystitis), or rash illness. Anyone can get infected with adenoviruses. Infants and people with weakened immune systems or existing respiratory or cardiac disease are at higher risk of getting sick from an adenovirus infection.

Salmonella sp

Environmental

Reservoir

Salmonella has several animal reservoirs, including human. Person to person transmission is very possible and more or less likely depending on habitat conditions.

Common animal reservoirs include: human, chicken, turkey, ducks, pigs, cows, horses, cats, dogs, guinea pigs, and hamsters. There are many others.

Shedding

Carriers of salmonella my excrete up to 10^10 Salmonella / g of feces (Thomson 1954,1955)

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